Israel’s chaotic 25th Knesset comes to an end

The 25th Knesset concluded its four-year term marked by legislative chaos and political maneuvering, particularly in its final weeks. A quid pro quo between Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and ultra-Orthodox parties resulted in the passage of three laws benefiting the Haredim, including Basic Law: Torah Study and a temporary exemption from military service detention. In return, Netanyahu sought to pass laws weakening the Attorney-General, establishing a political inquiry committee for October 7, and a communications law targeting anti-government media. However, his success was incomplete, with some laws passing in weakened forms or not at all.

• The Knesset's term was also defined by Justice Minister Yariv Levin's judicial reform efforts, which aimed to weaken the judiciary and the Attorney-General, though he did not achieve the full extent of his proposed changes.
• The opposition, despite its limited parliamentary power, contributed to the government's waning popularity, with coalition seats reportedly dropping from 64 to around 52 in recent polls.
• The human makeup of the 25th Knesset, particularly within the Likud party, was criticized for having an
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