'Oslo is dead': Experts clash over annexation, two states and the Palestinian future

Three experts presented conflicting visions for Israel's strategic moves regarding the Palestinian future at the National Security Conference. Naomi Neumann, a Washington Institute researcher, described the Palestinian system as being at an unprecedented low, with Gaza in "a kind of limbo" and the West Bank facing a "deceptive calm" amidst growing instability. She warned that the weakening of the Palestinian Authority (PA) endangers Israel.

• Dr. Anat Roth, director general of the Shiloh Forum, argued that the Oslo Accords are effectively dead, stating, "If you ask the Palestinians, they will laugh at you." She contended that the two-state solution is off the table and Israel should develop an alternative guaranteeing national security without a Palestinian state.
• Brig. Gen. (res.) Udi Dekel, head of the INSS program, warned that applying Israeli sovereignty in the West Bank would lead to a one-state reality, potentially causing civil war or destroying Israel's character as a Jewish and democratic state. He proposed a path of political, territorial, and demographic separation, offering Palestinians administrative autonomy while Israel maintains strict security control.